Characteristics of Temperature Change in China over the Last 2000 years and Spatial Patterns of Dryness/Wetness during Cold and Warm Periods     

Quansheng GE  Haolong LIU  Xiang MA  Jingyun ZHENG  Zhixin HAO 《大气科学进展》2017,34(8):941-951

This paper presents new high-resolution proxies and paleoclimatic reconstructions for studying climate changes in China for the past 2000 years. Multi-proxy synthesized reconstructions show that temperature variation in China has exhibited significant 50–70-yr, 100–120-yr, and 200–250-yr cycles. Results also show that the amplitudes of decadal and centennial temperature variation were 1.3℃ and 0.7℃, respectively, with the latter significantly correlated with long-term changes in solar radiation, especially cold periods, which correspond approximately to sunspot minima. The most rapid warming in China occurred over AD 1870–2000, at a rate of 0.56°± 0.42℃(100 yr)~(-1); however, temperatures recorded in the 20 th century may not be unprecedented for the last 2000 years, as data show records for the periods AD 981–1100 and AD1201–70 are comparable to the present. The ensemble means of dryness/wetness spatial patterns in eastern China across all centennial warm periods illustrate a tripole pattern: dry south of 25°N, wet from 25°–30°N, and dry to the north of 30°N. However, for all centennial cold periods, this spatial pattern also exhibits a meridional distribution. The increase in precipitation over the monsoonal regions of China associated with the 20 th century warming can primarily be attributed to a mega El Nino–Southern Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. In addition, a significant association between increasing numbers of locusts and dry/cold conditions is found in eastern China. Plague intensity also generally increases in concert with wetness in northern China, while more precipitation is likely to have a negative effect in southern China.  相似文献   

星蚀期北斗卫星轨道性能分析——SLR检核结果   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

彭汉兵  杨元喜  王刚  何海波 《测绘学报》2016,45(6):639-645

星蚀期北斗卫星的轨道性能是北斗卫星导航系统性能分析的重要部分。了解北斗卫星导航系统星历中星蚀期轨道的精度,不仅可为系统服务性能评估提供支持,还有助于了解星蚀期精密定轨中相关模型可能存在的问题,进而为精密定轨函数模型改进提供参考。本文基于2014年1月至2015年7月的卫星激光测距资料,重点分析了星蚀期对北斗不同类型卫星轨道的影响,同时也对北斗广播星历和精密星历中整体轨道径向精度进行检核。结果表明:星蚀期内(尤其是偏航机动期间),IGSO/MEO卫星的广播星历和精密星历轨道均存在明显的精度下降;广播星历轨道径向误差达1.5~2.0m,精密星历轨道径向误差超过10.0cm。但仅从轨道径向残差序列中难以发现星蚀期对GEO卫星轨道是否有显著影响。非星蚀期间,IGSO/MEO卫星和GEO卫星的广播星历轨道径向精度分别优于0.5 m和0.9 m。IGSO/MEO卫星的精密星历轨道径向精度优于10.0cm,GEO卫星的轨道径向精度约50.0cm,且存在40.0cm左右的系统性偏差。  相似文献   

Investigation of terrain illumination effects on vegetation indices and VI-derived phenological metrics in subtropical deciduous forests     

Lênio Soares Galvão  Fábio Marcelo Breunig  Thiago Sousa Teles  William Gaida  Rafaelo Balbinot 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2016,53(3):360-381

We used RapidEye and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)/Terra data to study terrain illumination effects on 3 vegetation indices (VIs) and 11 phenological metrics over seasonal deciduous forests in southern Brazil. We applied TIMESAT for the analysis of the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from the MOD13Q1 product to calculate phenological metrics. We related the VIs with the cosine of the incidence angle i (Cos i) and inspected percentage changes in VIs before and after topographic C-correction. The results showed that the EVI was more sensitive to seasonal changes in canopy biophysical attributes than the NDVI and Red-Edge NDVI, as indicated by analysis of non-topographically corrected RapidEye images from the summer and winter. On the other hand, the EVI was more sensitive to terrain illumination, presenting higher correlation coefficients with Cos i that decreased with reduction in the canopy background L factor. After C-correction, the RapidEye Red-Edge NDVI, NDVI, and EVI decreased 2%, 1%, and 13% over sunlit surfaces and increased up to 5%, 14%, and 89% over shaded surfaces, respectively. The EVI-related phenological metrics were also much more affected by topographic effects than the NDVI-derived metrics. From the set of 11 metrics, the 2 that described the period of lower photosynthetic activity and seasonal VI amplitude presented the largest correlation coefficients with Cos i. The results showed that terrain illumination is a factor of spectral variability in the seasonal analysis of phenological metrics, especially for VIs that are not spectrally normalized.  相似文献   

Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2006     

P. Kenneth Seidelmann  B. A. Archinal  M. F. A’hearn  A. Conrad  G. J. Consolmagno  D. Hestroffer  J. L. Hilton  G. A. Krasinsky  G. Neumann  J. Oberst  P. Stooke  E. F. Tedesco  D. J. Tholen  P. C. Thomas  I. P. Williams 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2007,98(3):155-180

Every three years the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements revises tables giving the directions of the poles of rotation and the prime meridians of the planets, satellites, minor planets, and comets. This report introduces improved values for the pole and rotation rate of Pluto, Charon, and Phoebe, the pole of Jupiter, the sizes and shapes of Saturn satellites and Charon, and the poles, rotation rates, and sizes of some minor planets and comets. A high precision realization for the pole and rotation rate of the Moon is provided. The expression for the Sun’s rotation has been changed to be consistent with the planets and to account for light travel time  相似文献   

地脉动在泉州市区地基土层场地评价中的应用     

许建聪  简文彬 《地球科学与环境学报》2003,25(1):47-51

根据实际观测资料研究了泉州市区的地脉动特征以及脉动频谱特性与场地有关参数之间的关系。结果表明,地面脉动卓越周期的变化与场地土层构造有关,与场地工程地质条件的变化相对应。测试结果反映了地基土刚度(剪切波速)的变化与场地覆盖层厚度的大小有关。认为覆盖层厚度是影响地脉动卓越周期的重要原因。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地中西部长8砂岩的流体包裹体特征与油气成藏期次分析          下载免费PDF全文

罗春艳  罗静兰  罗晓容  白雪见  雷裕红  程明 《高校地质学报》2014,20(4):623

利用流体包裹体的分析测试技术与研究方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地中西部长8油层组的成藏期次进行了研究。烃类包裹
体及其伴生的盐水包裹体的岩相学特征、均一温度、盐度、密度及成分分析显示,长8储层主要发育两期烃类包裹体,第
一期分布在早期方解石胶结物、石英颗粒表面及其连生的石英加大边中以及未切穿石英颗粒的早期愈合裂缝中,其伴生盐
水包裹体的均一温度峰值为80~90℃;第二期烃类包裹体分布在石英颗粒表面和切穿石英颗粒的裂缝中,其伴生盐水包裹
体的均一温度峰值为100~120℃。储层成岩作用与油气充注微观分析、成岩-烃类充注演化时间序列研究,结合地层埋藏史
和热史分析表明,研究区经历了三期烃类充注事件：第一期（约169~161 Ma） 充注规模小,砂岩中未捕获到这一期适合进
行均一温度与成分测定的烃类包裹体,因此本研究缺乏这期包裹体的温度与成分数据;第二期（约148~135 Ma） 烃类充注
对应前述获得均一温度与成分数据的第一期烃类包裹体;第三期烃类充注规模最大,发生在早白垩世晚期的125.2~105.7 Ma
之间,为主成藏期,对应前述获得均一温度与成分数据的第二期烃类包裹体。  相似文献   

近51年西安地温变化特征     

曲静  王昱  张弘 《气象科技》2014,42(4):657-662

利用1961—2011年西安0~40cm浅层逐月平均地温、地面最高、最低温度和1981—2011年深层80cm、160cm和320cm逐月平均地温观测资料,采用气候倾向率、滑动t检验、功率谱等气候统计方法,研究了西安平均地温的变化趋势、变化周期、气候突变和异常年份等。结果表明:在全球气候变暖背景下,西安各层年、季平均地温除夏季各浅层呈降温趋势外其余均为升温趋势,升幅为0.11~0.56℃/10a,0~20cm各层及160cm平均地温升温率为春季最大,40cm、320cm为冬季最大,80cm为秋季最大,各层均为夏季最小。地面最高年平均温度呈略下降趋势,最低呈明显升高趋势。浅层0~40cm年平均地温存在显著的2.3年、3.6~4.6年的变化周期以及32年的长周期震荡。年平均地温在1993年或1994年发生了突变;浅层春季平均地温在20世纪90年代中后期发生了突变,夏季在20世纪70年代末或20世纪90年代中期发生了两次突变,秋冬季基本未出现突变;深层各季在20世纪90年代中期发生了突变。年平均地温除160cm未出现异常年份外,80cm在1993年出现异常偏低年,其余各层在21世纪00年代初中期出现异常偏高年;春季多偏高年份,夏季多偏低年份,冬季异常年份最多。地温和气温变化的相关性达到0.82以上,说明气温的变化是影响地温变化的主要因素。  相似文献   

Introducing environmental thresholds into water withdrawal management of mountain streams in the Kura River basin,Azerbaijan     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6):1068-1078

Abstract

The study aims to set and implement environmentally relevant limits for the exploitation of mountain streams in the Kura River basin of Azerbaijan. Such streams represent the preferred spawning grounds for valuable sturgeon of the Caspian Sea, but experience continuously increasing exploitation in the form of water withdrawals for industry and irrigation. Since no detailed environmental flow assessments have been conducted on any of the Kura basin streams, an interim approach is suggested based on minimum flow, referred to as “base environmental minimum”. The latter may be estimated from the unregulated parts of observed or simulated daily flow records. Environmental flow requirements for individual months of an individual year may be calculated using correction factors related to monthly rainfall. Simple relationships are suggested for base environmental flow estimation at ungauged sites, and the implications of river pollution for monthly environmental requirements are examined. Further, definition of environmentally critical periods in a stream is proposed based on a ratio of observed to “environmental” flow as an indicator of environmental stress. It is illustrated that the conjunctive use of several closely located streams for water supply may significantly reduce the duration of, or completely eliminate, environmentally critical periods. The idea of environmentally acceptable areal water withdrawal is formulated, so that the overall approach may be applied for environmentally sustainable water withdrawal management in other small streams.  相似文献   

Characterization of ground motions using recurrence plots     

Silvia R. García  Miguel P. Romo  Jesús Figueroa-Nazuno 《Geofísica Internacional》2013,52(3):209-227

The current analysis of earthquakes is typically based on linear mathematical models that may fail to describe and forecast particular behaviors, because in many cases the data complexity may induce a highly non linear behavior. In this paper the implementation of an alternative method for seismic time series analysis is presented. The RPs (Recurrence Plots) enables recognition and treatment of measured accelerations. An RP obtained from seismic data allows a more efficient interpretation of the ground motions and this explanation contributes to characterize materials and responses. The nonlinear attributes from RPs analysis can be used as filters to reveal patterns or be combined to predict a seismic property. Automated seismic data characterization, based on nonlinear seismic attributes, could rewrite the rules of earthquake phenomena interpretation. The objective of this work is to establish a new methodology for practical application of nonlinear dynamics in seismic pattern/attributes recognition, an evolving and challenging engineering field.  相似文献   

Latitudinally different responses of Tethyan shoal‐water carbonate systems to the Early Aptian oceanic anoxic event (OAE 1a)     

STEFAN HUCK  NIELS RAMEIL  TVRTKO KORBAR  ULRICH HEIMHOFER  THOMAS D. WIECZOREK  ADRIAN IMMENHAUSER 《Sedimentology》2010,57(7):1585-1614

Ocean‐wide anoxic events represent intensively investigated anomalies in the global carbon cycle. Most previous research has focussed on hemipelagic and pelagic settings and on the relationship between black‐shale deposition and carbon‐isotope excursions. The study of ocean‐wide anoxic events and coeval shallow‐water settings is now increasingly seen as an interesting complementary approach, but one that is not without problems. Whereas platform drowning characterizes the Early Aptian of the northern Tethyan margin, Lithocodium–Bacinella‐rich facies and ongoing shoal‐water sedimentation at the southern Tethyan margin (Oman) bears important information on potential causes of carbon‐cycle perturbations. The present paper seeks to test the supra‐regional relevance of the Oman data by investigating coeval central Tethyan limestones. Three Lower Aptian shoal‐water sections in Istria (Croatia), deposited on the isolated Adriatic Carbonate Platform, are investigated applying chemostratigraphy (carbon and strontium) and detailed sedimentological analysis. The focus is on peritidal to lagoonal facies characterized by mass occurrences of Lithocodium–Bacinella, an enigmatic microencruster community. Lithocodium–Bacinella facies occurs predominantly in layers ranging from one to several centimetres in stratigraphic thickness, with several layers merging to metre‐thick packages. Growth fabrics within the layers include oncoidal morphotypes, lumps, interconnected patches and columns, layers and rare nodular to massive bindstone facies. These growth patterns show a remarkable regional extent and consistency over study sites distributed several kilometres apart. This widespread distribution suggests that specific Lithocodium–Bacinella morphotypes might serve as regional stratigraphic markers. The high‐resolution carbon‐isotope chemostratigraphy presented here is based on pristine rudist shells and matrix micrite samples and calibrated against strontium‐isotope data obtained from screened rudist low‐Mg calcite. The chemostratigraphic data are consistent with existing biostratigraphic data and place the studied strata at the onset of Early Aptian oceanic anoxic event 1a. Moreover, results indicate the near‐coeval nature of Lithocodium–Bacinella bloom facies in Istria and Oman. The outcomes of this study point to latitudinally different responses of Tethyan shoal‐water carbonate systems (platform drowning versus Lithocodium–Bacinella blooms) to the ocean‐wide anoxic event 1a.  相似文献